MEN of SCIENCE IV

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Jean-Martin Charcot

French neurologist, who is generally, regarded as the father of clinical neurology- the study of diseases of the nervous system. He was born in Paris on November 29, 1825. Early in his academic medical career, he concerned himself chiefly with problems of internal medicine. He differentiated gout from rheumatism, and his studies on diseases of the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys and on diseases of old age are lasting tributes to his great clinical and pathological perception.  Charcot’s main contributions to neurology were made between 1862 and 1870 when he accurately classified for the first time many unknown diseases of the nervous system. He died August 16, 1893 while on vacation in the Morvan region of France, and was buried in the Cimetiere Montmatre in Paris.

Joseph Lister

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An English surgeon, he was the first to provide a solution to the problem of wound infection following surgical operations. His work made possible tremendous advances in surgery. He was born April 5, 1827, in Upton, a village near London, England. Joseph Lister received his B.A., and then, in 1852, his medical degree from the University College of London. In 1860, Lister was appointed Regius Professor at the University of Glasgow. Here he found the mortality following surgical operations even higher than in Edinburgh. As a student, Lister had examined gangrenous material under a microscope, suspecting that something in the wound rather than in the atmosphere caused the disease. This, along with the subsequent work on the contraction of arteries and on the skin of the frog, was related to the subject of his first important scientific contribution, published “On the Antiseptic Principle in the practice of Surgery.” Within a few years, antiseptic surgery put a end to “Surgical diseases.” Lister died in Walmers, Kent, on Feb. 10, 1912.